i
Integrated JPEG CODEC
Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
The ZR36060 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
The ZR36060 and the JPEG Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
JPEG baseline overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
JPEG markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Motion JPEG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Notational Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Pin Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Video Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Video Syncs - Master and Slave Modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Master mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Slave mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Data Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Video stream sampling and cropping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
The PVALID control signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Video Scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Horizontal down-scaling in compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Vertical down-scaling in compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Horizontal up-scaling in decompression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Vertical up-scaling in decompression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
Active Area Size Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Spatial Mix of Video Streams. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Host Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Interrupt Request and Associated Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Code Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Master Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Slave Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Host abort of a code read or write cycle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Data alignment in Code Slave mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Transition between fields in compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Transition between fields in decompression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
ZR36060 Functional States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
State Transitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
The SLEEP State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
Loading Parameters and Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
Data Flow Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Data Flow in Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Data Flow in Decompression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Compression and Decompression Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Compression Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Data Corruption during Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Statistical Compression Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Auto Two-Pass Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Tables-Only Compression Pass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Decompression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
Data Corruption during Decompression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Power Management and Power-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Register and Memory Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
General Control Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
ID and Testing Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
Video Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
JPEG Marker Segments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
Electrical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
Absolute Maximum Ratings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
Operating Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
DC Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
AC Timing Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36
Mechanical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
ii
January 1997
ZORAN Corporation
s
1705 Wyatt Drive
s
Santa Clara, CA 95054
s
(408) 986-1314
s
FAX (408) 986-1240
PRELMINARY
ZR36060
INTEGRATED JPEG CODEC
FEATURES
s
Single-chip JPEG processor which integrates all the mod-
ules needed for JPEG encoding and decoding:
- Raster-to-block and block-to-raster converter
- Strip buffer
- JPEG codec
s
Motion video compression and expansion capability:
- Up to 25 frames/sec, square pixel and CCIR PAL
- Up to 30 frames/sec, square pixel and CCIR NTSC
s
Three modes of Bit Rate Control (BRC):
- Auto Two Pass: for still image compression, produces
tightly controlled compressed data file size
- Single pass: for motion video compression, keeps the file
size approximately fixed
- No BRC: uses fixed quantization tables
s
Glueless interface to common video decoders (e.g., Philips,
Brooktree, Samsung, ITT, Harris)
s
Glueless interface to the ZR36057, I32 and other common
multimedia controllers.
s
Supports 8 and 16-bit YUV video interfaces
s
Supports master and slave modes of video synchronization
s
Interfaces to a variety of host controllers, ranging from the
dedicated high-performance ZR36057 PCI controller
to generic low-cost microcontrollers
s
Flexible compressed data interface:
- 8-bit master mode, supporting transfer of up to 30 Mbytes/
sec
- 16-bit slave mode, supporting transfer of up to 16.7
Mbytes/sec
- 8-bit slave mode, supporting transfer of up to 8.3 Mbytes/
sec
s
On-chip video processing, including:
- Mixing of two video sources
- Horizontal (1:2 and 1:4) and vertical (1:2) up and down
scaling
- Cropping in compression and programmable background
color in decompression
s
3.3V power supply with 5V-tolerant I/O
s
Low power consumption:
- 850 mW at 30 MHz operating frequency
- Power down mode for power saving
s
100-pin PQFP package
APPLICATIONS
s
Desktop video editing subsystems
s
PCMCIA video capture cards
s
Digital still cameras
s
Digital video recording
s
JPEG-based video conferencing systems
Video Decoder
Audio Control
Audio FIFO
Audio Codec
ZR36060
ZR36057
Video Encoder
Graphics
Sub-System
PCI Bus
Figure 1. JPEG-based video editing subsystem for PCI Systems
2
Integrated JPEG CODEC
Integrated JPEG CODEC
Features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
The ZR36060 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
The ZR36060 and the JPEG Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
JPEG baseline overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
JPEG markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Motion JPEG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Notational Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Pin Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Video Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Video Syncs - Master and Slave Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Master mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Slave mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Data Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Video stream sampling and cropping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
The PVALID control signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Video Scaling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Horizontal down-scaling in compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Vertical down-scaling in compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Horizontal up-scaling in decompression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Vertical up-scaling in decompression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Active Area Size Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Spatial Mix of Video Streams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Host Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Interrupt Request and Associated Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Code Interface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Master Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Slave Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Host abort of a code read or write cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Data alignment in Code Slave mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Transition between fields in compression. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Transition between fields in decompression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
ZR36060 Functional States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
State Transitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
The SLEEP State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Loading Parameters and Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Data Flow Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Data Flow in Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Data Flow in Decompression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Compression and Decompression Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Compression Pass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Data Corruption during Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Statistical Compression Pass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Auto Two-Pass Compression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Tables-Only Compression Pass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Decompression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Data Corruption during Decompression. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
Power Management and Power-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Register and Memory Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
General Control Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
ID and Testing Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Video Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
JPEG Marker Segments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Electrical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Absolute Maximum Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Operating Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
DC Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
AC Timing Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Mechanical Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3
Integrated JPEG CODEC
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 The ZR36060
The ZR36060 is an integrated JPEG codec targeted to video
capture and editing applications in desktop and laptop comput-
ers. Figure 1 shows an example of a typical application, a video
editing subsystem for PCI bus computers.
The ZR36060 integrates the functionality of a JPEG codec such
as the ZR36050, a raster-to-block converter such as the
ZR36015, as well as the strip buffer SRAM for the raster-to-block
converter and additional functions. It is based on the field
proven, fully compliant Zoran JPEG device technology, and
incorporates Zoran’s patented bit rate control mechanism.
In compression, the ZR36060 accepts YUV 4:2:2 digital video,
performs optional cropping and decimation, and encodes it into
a JPEG baseline compressed bitstream, which it outputs to a
host controller. In decompression, it receives the bitstream from
the host controller, decodes it back to YUV 4:2:2 format digital
video, up-scales it if required, and outputs the video to a com-
posite video encoder or other destination.
The ZR36060 incorporates hardware support for multiplexing
two video sources (in rectangular windows) in compression, or
the reconstructed video with another source in decompression.
It can operate as a video sync master or slave, with 8-bit or 16-
bit video bus widths. A pixel flow control mechanism is provided
for convenient implementation of non-real-time video rates, such
as for still picture compression.
The code interface of the ZR36060 can operate in 8-bit master,
8-bit slave or 16-bit slave modes. In slave mode, code transfer
shares the host interface, which is generic enough to be able to
interface gluelessly with a variety of host controllers, ranging
from the dedicated, high performance ZR36057 to common
microcontrollers.
The ZR36060 is a CMOS device, requiring a 3.3 Volt power
supply. Its inputs and outputs are 5 Volt tolerant. A power-down
(“sleep”) mode reduces current consumption to a very low level,
while preserving the logic state of the device.
A block diagram of the ZR36060 is shown in Figure 2.
1.2 The ZR36060 and the JPEG Standard
The JPEG standard, ISO/IEC 10918-1, defines a whole range of
options for compressing continuous-tone images - a baseline
lossy compression process, extended lossy processes, lossless
compression, and hierarchical compression methods. The
ZR36060 implements the baseline process.
Even the baseline method is defined by the JPEG standard to
provide maximal flexibility in choosing the color space in which
an image is compressed - an image can have an almost unlimit-
ed number of color components, and these can be compressed
in a single scan, or in multiple scans. Because its main targeted
application is motion color video compression and decompres-
sion, the architecture of the ZR36060 supports one particular
subset: Since the ZR36060 supports only the YUV 4:2:2 pixel
format, it supports three color components, in a single inter-
leaved scan.
1.2.1 JPEG baseline overview
The JPEG baseline compression method is based on the
discrete cosine transform or DCT. The DCT is performed on 8x8
blocks of samples, of each color component, resulting in a set of
64 DCT coefficients for each block. Thus, in order for a normal
raster-scanned image to be compressed, it must first be convert-
ed to block format This requires that an 8-line strip of the image
(containing 8 lines of each color component) be stored in a strip
buffer, so that the samples can be re-ordered (see Figure 2).
For subsequent stages of the compression, the 64 DCT coeffi-
cients of each block are further re-ordered by scanning the block
in a zig-zag sequence. Each of the 64 coefficients is quantized
using the appropriate value from a 64-entry quantization table. In
the ZR36060, it is possible to define three different quantization
tables, one per color component; generally, however, two tables
are used, one for the luminance component and one for the
chrominance component.
The quantized DCT coefficients are passed to a Huffman
encoder, for the final stage of the process. The Huffman coding
is performed separately for the DC coefficient of each block (the
first coefficient of the block), and the remaining 63 AC coeffi-
Video Interface
Figure 2. ZR36060 Block Diagram
VSYNC
HSYNC
FI
BLANK
PVALID
Y[7:0]
UV[7:0]
Strip Memory
JPEG CODEC
SUBIMG
POE
RTBSY
DATERR
CODE FIFO
(512 x 8 bits)
Internal
Configuration
Memory
(1K x 8 bits)
(Registers,
Markers, Tables)
Control
START
FRAME
END
EOI
COMP
SLEEP
RESET
PLL & Clocks
VCLK
VCLKx2
CODE [7:0]
CCS
COE
CWE
ADDR[1:0]
JIRQ
ACK
CODE and Host Interface
CBUSY
CS
WR
RD
DATA[7:0]
4
Integrated JPEG CODEC
cients. The encoding methods used for DC and AC coefficients
differ in their details, and this requires two Huffman tables to be
specified, one for DC and one for AC. And since the statistics of
the luminance and chrominance components are generally quite
different, separate Huffman tables are required for luminance
and chrominance, for a total of four tables, two DC and two AC.
The ZR36060 supports this configuration.
Baseline decompression essentially consists of the inverses of
each of the stages used in compression, in reverse order:
Huffman decoding, dequantization, inverse DCT, and conver-
sion of the blocks back to raster order.
1.2.1.1 The Minimum Coded Unit
If the compressed image data is interleaved, as is the case in the
ZR36060, the compression is performed in units of a Minimum
Coded Unit, or MCU, which contains one or more blocks of each
color components. For the 4:2:2 pixel format used by the
ZR36060, where the chrominance (U and V) components are
decimated by 2:1 horizontally relative to the luminance (Y), the
MCU consists of 2 blocks of Y followed by one block each of U
and V.
1.2.1.2 Restart Intervals
The ZR36060 supports compression and decompression of
JPEG data that includes restart intervals. A restart interval is
defined as an integral number of MCUs, which are processed as
an “independent sequence”, meaning that it is possible to
identify and decode a restart interval within a JPEG data
sequence, without the need to decode whatever data precedes
it. In the context of baseline compression, this has significance
because the DC coefficients of the DCT are differentially
encoded. Note that the use of restarts is optional; it is acceptable
(and very common) to use no restart markers and encode the
whole image as a single sequence.
1.2.2 JPEG markers
JPEG defines three data formats for the compressed bitstream,
all of which are supported by the ZR36060:
• The
interchange
format, which contains the specifications of
all the tables required to decode the image.
• the
abbreviated
format for compressed data, which can con-
tain some or none of the tables, under the assumption that
the remaining tables are known to the decoder and are al-
ready loaded in the decoder or can be loaded. This is
commonly used for motion video, in order to save the time
otherwise required to decode the tables from their
specifications.
• the abbreviated
tables-only
format, which contains no com-
pressed data but only tables. It is one means by which it is
possible to load tables into the decoder; in the ZR36060 the
other means is by specifying the tables to the device and is-
suing an explicit Load command.
In all three of the formats, the tables and the parameters required
for decoding the image and/or the tables are contained in
marker
segments
, which are sequences of bytes that start with special
two-byte codes called
markers
or
marker codes
. The two bytes
that follow the marker specify the length of the marker segment
in bytes, including the two length bytes but not including the
marker code itself. There are two special stand-alone markers
that are not associated with marker segments, to mark the start-
of-image (SOI) and end-of-image (EOI). The code values are
0xFFD8 for SOI, and 0xFFD9 for EOI.
The first byte of every marker is 0xFF. A marker may be prefixed
by an arbitrary number of 0xFF bytes which are discarded by the
decoder. The second byte of a marker has defined values,
except for 0x00, which is used as follows. In order to permit a
decoder to identify the restart markers, if they exist, and the EOI
marker, the encoder stuffs a 0x00 byte after every 0xFF byte that
results from the Huffman encoding. Note that this “byte stuffing”
is an essential part of the JPEG standard, and there is no defini-
tion in the standard of a bitstream that does not include the byte
stuffing. The ZR36060 always produces image bitstreams with
byte stuffing, and requires the byte stuffing to be present in order
to decode a JPEG bitstream.
The JPEG standard also does not define any sort of “markerless”
bitstream data format. Certain markers and marker segments
are defined in the standard to be “required”, and others, such as
the restart markers and the table marker segments, are optional.
The ZR36060 always includes the required markers when it
produces a compressed bitstream, and can be programmed to
include certain optional markers. To be decompressed by the
ZR36060, an image bitstream
must
include the required
markers. All markers included in the bitstream, required and
optional, are handled automatically, without host intervention, by
the ZR36060 in decompression.
1.2.2.1 Required markers and marker segments
The required markers for baseline JPEG are:
• Start-of-image, SOI (0xFFD8). This is the first marker in a
JPEG image bitstream.
• Start-of-frame marker segment, SOF0 (0xFFC0), followed
by a variable number of bytes depending on the number of
color components. For the ZR36060, there are always three
components and the segment has a length of 17 bytes. The
SOF segment is used to specify which quantization table to
use for each color component, and the number of blocks of
each color component in the MCU.
• Start-of-scan marker segment, SOS (0xFFDA), followed by a
variable number of bytes depending on the number of color
components. The Huffman coded data follows immediately
after the last byte of the SOS segment. In the case of the
ZR36060, the length of the SOS segment is always 12 bytes.
The SOS segment is used to specify which Huffman table to
use for each color component.
5
Integrated JPEG CODEC
• End-of-image, EOI (0xFFD9). This marker follows the last
byte of the compressed data.
1.2.2.2 Optional markers and marker segments
The ZR36060 supports the following optional markers and
segments:
• Application specific, APPn (0xFFE0-0xFFEF). The standard
allows up to 16 different APP markers in a single image bit-
stream. The ZR36060 can insert one APP marker in
compression. A ZR36060 APP marker can have a segment
length of up to 62 bytes. In decompression, if the image bit-
stream contains a single APP marker with a segment length
of 62 bytes or fewer, the host can retrieve it after the
ZR36060 has finished decompressing the image; if the seg-
ment is longer, the data is lost. If there are multiple APP
segments, only the last one can be retrieved.
• Comment, COM (0xFFFE). The restriction on the length (62
bytes) is the same as for the APP marker.
• Define restart interval, DRI (0xFFDD). Defines that restarts
are to be used, and the size in MCUs of the restart interval.
• Define quantization tables, DQT (0xFFDB). Specifies the
quantization tables used to compress the image.
• Define Huffman tables, DHT (0xFFC4). Specifies the Huff-
man tables used to compress the image.
• Restart, RSTm (0xFFD0-0xFFD7). Marks the beginning of a
restart interval in the compressed data.
Note that when quantization and Huffman tables are loaded into
the ZR36060 by the host controller, they are specified in exactly
the same format as is used in the marker segments.
In compression, the ZR36060 inserts optional marker segments,
if programmed to do so, into the compressed data bitstream in a
fixed order: APP, COM, DRI, DQT, DHT. These appear immedi-
ately after SOI, before SOF. In decompression, they can appear
in any order or position allowed by the JPEG standard.
1.2.3 Motion JPEG
The JPEG standard defines a method for compression of a
single (“still”) image. It does not have any provision for motion
video, and the term “motion JPEG” simply means that each field
of a video sequence is compressed as a separate JPEG image
bitstream. The ZR36060 includes features that make this proce-
dure straightforward.
1.3 Notational Conventions
The following notational conventions are used in this data sheet:
External signals: bold capital letters (e.g.,
COMP
)
Active-low mark: overbar (e.g.,
RESET
)
Buses: XXmsb_index:lsb_index (e.g.,
UV7:0
)
Register fields: XXmsb_index:lsb_index (e.g., Count27:16)
Register types:
• R - read only
• W - write only
• RW - read-write (data written can be read back)
Numbers: numbers with no prefix or suffix are decimal (e.g., 365,
23.19). Hexadecimal numbers are indicated with a ‘0x’ prefix
(e.g., 0xB000, 0x3). Binary numbers are indicated with a ‘b’ suffix
(e.g., 010b, 0000110100011b).
6
Integrated JPEG CODEC
2.0 PIN DESCRIPTION
The ZR36060 is supplied in 100-pin PQFP package. The follow-
ing table lists the pins of the device and provides a concise
functional description of each.
Table 1: Pin Descriptions
Symbol
Type
Description
Code/Host Port (26 pins)
CODE[7:0
]
I/O
Code bus. In Code Master mode, this 8-bit bidirectional bus is used to read (write) the compressed data from (to) an external
code FIFO.
In 16-bit Code Slave mode, this is used as an extension (the MSB) of the DATA bus.
During and after RESET this bus is floating, with internal pull-ups.
CCS
O
Code Chip Select, used only in Code Master mode. This active-low output signal acts as a chip select signal from the ZR36060
to the external code FIFO. CCS
goes active at the start of a read or write cycle and remains active throughout the cycle. CCS
remains active continuously in back to back read or write cycles.
During and after RESET this pin is logic high.
COE
O
Code Read (output enable), used only in Code Master mode. This active-low output signal acts as a read strobe signal from
the ZR36060 to the external code FIFO. COE
goes active 0.5 VCLKx2 cycles after start of a read cycle. The CODE bus input
is latched on the rising edge of COE.
During and after RESET
this pin is logic high.
CWE
O
Code Write, used only in Code Master mode. This active-low output signal acts as a write strobe signal from the ZR36060 to
the external code FIFO. CWE
goes active 0.5 VCLKx2 cycles after start of a write cycle. CODE bus data is valid throughout
the strobe pulse and permits the external code FIFO to latch the data on the rising edge of CWE During and after RESET
this
pin is logic high.
CBUSY
I/O
Code FIFO Busy.
When the ZR36060 is the master of the code bus CBUSY
is an active-low input, used by the external code FIFO controller to
temporarily halt the transfer of compressed data.
When the ZR36060 is the slave of the code bus CBUSY
is an active-low output. It is asserted (low) by the ZR36060 to indicate
the internal code FIFO cannot be accessed, due to an empty/full condition (for compression/decompression modes respective-
ly). On deassertion, CBUSY
is driven high for one internal clock and then released to a floating condition (needs external pull-
up).
When the ZR36060 is connected to the ZR36057, CBUSY
is connected to the CBUSY input of the latter.
During and after RESET his pin is floating (input mode).
DATA[7:0]
I/O
Data bus. This 8-bit bidirectional bus is used to read/write to the internal memory of the ZR36060.
In Code Slave mode, it is also used to transfer the compressed data. In 16-bit Code Slave mode, the CODE bus is used as an
extension of the DATA bus.
During and after RESET this bus is floating with internal pullup.
ADDR[1:0
]
I
Address bus. This 2-bit bus is used by the host to access the code register (in Code Slave mode), or the indirect address/data
register which maps the 1Kbyte internal memory array of the ZR36060.
CS
I
Chip Select. This active-low input signal acts as a chip select signal from the host to the ZR36060.
WR
I
Write. This active-low input signal acts as a write pulse from the host to the ZR36060. The DATA (with CODE extension in 16-
bit Code Slave mode), is latched on the rising edge of WR.
RD
I
Read. This active-low input signal acts as a read pulse from the host to the ZR36060. The DATA (with CODE extension in 16-
bit Code Slave mode), is enabled as an output during the RD pulse so the host can latch the ZR36060 data on the rising edge
of RD.
ACK
O
Acknowledge. Used by the ZR36060 to notify the host that the current read or write strobe pulse can be completed.
During code access (Code Slave mode), the ZR36060 will not issue an ACK if the internal code FIFO is empty/full (in compres-
sion/decompression respectively).
On deassertion, ACK ist driven high for 1 VCLKx2 cycle and then released to a floating condition (needs external pull-up).
During and after RESET this pin is floating (logic high with pullup).
Video Port (25 pins)
Y7:Y0
I/O
In 16-bit video mode (Video8==0), these lines are the Luminance video lines. In 8-bit mode (Video8==1) these lines are lumi-
nance/chrominance lines, multiplexed in time according to the CCIR656 component order.
In compression these lines are inputs, while in decompression they are outputs.
During and after RESET this bus is floating with internal pullup.
7
Integrated JPEG CODEC
UV7:UV0
I/O
In 16-bit video mode (Video8==0), these lines are the chrominance video lines. In compression these lines are inputs, while in
decompression they are outputs.
In 8-bit mode (Video8==1) these lines are not used: in compression they are ignored (inputs), and in decompression they are
floating.
During and after RESET this bus is floating with internal pull-ups.
VCLKx2
I
Main Video Clock input. The video interface of the ZR36060 is synchronized by this clock.
VCLK
I
Digital video bus clock enable. Used as a qualifier of the video bus data. Must be synchronized and toggling at half the frequen-
cy of VCLKx2, in both 8 and 16-bit video bus width modes.
HSYNC
I/O
Horizontal sync. When the ZR36060 is slave (SyncMstr==0), HSYNC is input, and when it is the sync master (SyncMstr==1)
HSYNC is an output.
During and after RESET this pin is floating (input mode).
VSYNC
I/O
Vertical sync. When the ZR36060 is slave (Syncstr==0), VSYNC is input, and when it is the sync master (SyncMstr==1) VSYNC
is an output.
During and after RESET this pin is floating (input mode).
FI
I/O
Digital video bus field indicator (odd/even). When the ZR36060 is the master of the video bus FI is an output, otherwise it is an
input. The polarity of FI, as input or output, is set by FiPol.
During and after RESET this pin is floating (input mode).
BLANK
O
Digital video bus composite blank output. Active only when the ZR36060 is the sync master of the video bus, otherwise the pin
is floating. The horizontal and vertical blanking areas are programmable.
During and after RESET this pin is floating with internal pullup.
PVALID
I
When the ZR36060 is in compression mode, this input is used as an additional qualifier (other than VCLK) of the video data
signals and the sync signals. An active level sampled on this signal at the time when a pixel is sampled, indicates that this is a
valid pixel. This input is meant to be connected to the PXEN output of the ZR36057.
When the ZR36060 is in decompression mode, this input is used by the recipient of the video to stall the video stream of the
ZR36060. A non-active level sampled on this signal will cause the ZR36060 to continue to output the current pixel instead of
proceeding to the next one. Once PVALID is sampled active again the normal pixel sequence resumes.
If the ZR36060 is the video sync master, then PVALID not active will freeze the internal sync generator. The polarity of PVALID
can be programmed.
SUBIMG
O
This output dynamically indicates the boundaries of a sub-image rectangle within the main input or output field size. When the
pixels within the programmable rectangle are output/input, SUBIMG is active. For a sub-line of consecutive pixels within the
rectangle, SUBIMG is continuously active. The polarity of SUBIMG is programmable.
SUBIMG may be connected to the FEIN input of the SAA7110/11, or the read-enable input of a line buffer, FIFO, etc., to permit
pixel-by-pixel video mixing during compression and decompression.
During and after RESET this pin is logic high.
POE
I
Pixel Output Enable. Used to disable the video bus during decompression, to permit pixel-by-pixel video mixing of the ZR36060
video output with another source. It can be directly connected to the SUBIMG output, or to other suitable control.
Control & Status (10 pins)
RESET
I
Reset. When this input is asserted the ZR36060 goes into its RESET state. When it is deasserted all state machines are in
IDLE mode and registers contain their default values. RESET must be active for at least 8 VCLKx2 cycles.
SLEEP
I
Power-down mode. When this input is active (low), the ZR36060 goes into its SLEEP (power-down) mode, discontinuing all
chip operation and consuming minimal supply current.
This pin also initiates coarse locking of the internal PLL to the VCLKx2 frequency. It must be toggled at least once after RESET.
SLEEP must remain low for at least 8 VCLKx2 cycles.
END
O
End of process indication. This active-low output signal indicates completion of a field compression/decompression process.
During and after RESET
this pin is logic low.
EOI
O
End-of-image marker indication. This active-low output signal indicates the last code byte, or word (FFD8 code) is being output
or input. EOI is deasserted together with the deassertion (rising edge) of END upon beginning of the next field process.
During and after RESET this pin is logic low.
START
I
Start compression/decompression command input. When the ZR36060 is in IDLE state, it looks for an active low level on this
input in order to start compression or decompression. Once the active level is sampled the ZR36060 will start compression or
decompression with the next VSYNC or with the next odd VSYNC (depending on the FRAME input).
To be detected correctly, START must remain low for at least 2 VCLKs.
When the ZR36060 is connected to the ZR36057, this input must be connected to a GCS output of the ZR36057.
FRAME
I
This input is sampled by the ZR36060 together with the START input. When START is sampled active, then if FRAME is also
active the ZR36060 will start compressing/decompressing at the next odd field. Otherwise it will start with the next field.
Table 1: Pin Descriptions (Continued)
Symbol
Type
Description
8
Integrated JPEG CODEC
3.0 VIDEO INTERFACE
The video interface of the ZR36060 is highly configurable, to
facilitate a glueless connection to most video decoders, encod-
ers, MPEG decoders, frame memory controllers, graphics
accelerators, etc.
3.1 Video Syncs - Master and Slave Modes
The ZR36060 supports two video sync source modes:
• Sync Master - the ZR36060 internally generates all the video
timing signals.
• Sync Slave - the ZR36060 synchronizes itself with an exter-
nal video source.
The 1-bit SyncMstr parameter selects the mode. Normally, in
compression the ZR36060 would be slaved to the output of a
video decoder, but not necessarily; for example, the ZR36060
could control a frame memory in Sync Master mode.
3.1.1 Master mode
When configured as a sync Master, the ZR36060 drives the fol-
lowing signals:
• HSYNC - Horizontal sync
• VSYNC - Vertical sync
• FI - Even/Odd field indication
• BLANK - Composite blanking
The parameters that configure the sync generator when the
ZR36060 is a sync master are (see Figure 3):
• Vtotal - Total number of lines per frame (e.g.- for NTSC, 525
video lines)
• Htotal - Total number of VCLKs (pixels) per line (e.g.- for
CCIR NTSC, 858 pixels)
• VsyncSize - Length of the VSYNC pulse measured in lines
• HsyncSize - Length of HSYNC pulse measured in VCLKs
• BVstart - Length (in lines) from VSYNC to first non-BLANK
line.
• BVend - Length (in lines) from VSYNC to last non-BLANK
line.
• BHStart - Length (in pixels) from HSYNC to first non-BLANK
pixel.